The protein TRPV2, previously associated mainly with the perception of heat, cold, and pain, plays a surprisingly crucial role in placenta development. This finding comes from new research at KU Leuven, published in Nature Communications. The study highlights the importance of the placenta, a temporary organ vital for the fetus.
The placenta supplies the fetus with oxygen and nutrients, protects against harmful influences, and guides the development of the unborn child. Despite its significance, surprisingly little is known about the precise mechanisms that regulate the formation of a healthy placenta. The KU Leuven researchers have now identified a new link in this process.
When the TRPV2 protein is absent, specialized placental cells do not develop sufficiently. This leads to a less functional placenta, which can restrict fetal growth. Professor Katrien De Clercq, who led the research, noted the discovery was unexpected, as the TRP channel family is typically studied in the context of sensory perception.
The researchers utilized, among other methods, genetic mouse models and confirmed their findings with human placental cells. A striking observation was that the problems stemmed from a disturbed development of the placenta itself, rather than changes in the embryo. This suggests that TRPV2 plays a similar role during human pregnancy.
Professor De Clercq emphasizes that the placenta is more than just a passive connection; it actively influences the course of pregnancy and fetal development. A healthy placenta is crucial for a healthy start in life. Pregnancy complications, often rooted in a poorly functioning placenta, are increasingly linked to later-life health issues.
The placenta prevents the rejection of the baby, forms a unique biological barrier where maternal and fetal blood circulations remain separate yet allow efficient exchange, and facilitates communication between mother and child via hormones and growth factors. These functions underscore the importance of a well-developed placenta for both the pregnancy and lifelong health.
